Bearing



IIyuly 26, 1927.` 1,637,317

G. A. SHOEMAKER BEARING Filed Sept. 27, 1921 I gnou/woz PatentedJuly-26,1927.

- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE A. SHOEMAKER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO BOUNDBROOK OIL-LESS BEARING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF N EW JERSEY.

BEARING.

Application filed September 27, 1921. Serial No. 503,474.

The invention relates to bearings and is particularly directed to acomposite type of bearing, and although not of the so called oil-lesstype, is of a character which will stand u with comparatively littleoil.

The o ject of the invention is to provide a composite bearing with theelements so arranged that there will always be a partial bearing surfaceof the main bearing metal or metal of the casing together with an am lebearin surface upon the allo metal.

omposite earings of bronze an graph- .ite in various forms ofarrangement are not new in the art and, of course, these fall within thegeneral type of oil-less bearings.

It has been a common practice to cast bronze shells with indentations,pockets or grooves therein, which indentations, pockets or grooves havebeen filled with graphite compoundi It has also been a common practiceto maire bearings of bronze having a complete interior lining ofBabbitt'rnetal or other so called greasy metal.

In crankshaf-ts for motors and in various places this latter type ofbearing has come into almost universal use inasmuch as the Babbittlining serves as an unusually good bearing surface, may be readilyscraped to exact fit and in the event of overheating, thru lack oflubrication, 'will not freeze to the shaft. In fact, when over heated tothe critical pointjzhe Babbitt metal will run out.

One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a bearin ofan intermediate type from the two dist1nct forms above enumeratedi andto arrange fory a Babbitt or other bearing metal surfacing within themain bronze shell or casing.

To effect the best results, a` bearing alloy may be employed, ashereinafter defined, the co-eilicient of ex ansion of which may bepractically coinci ent with the co-eiicient of e y, nsion of the bronzeshell or casing.

ferring to the drawings:

Figure 1, illustrates in plan, one half of the bearing.

Figure 2, is an end view of the complete bearing. y l

Figure 3, is a fragmentary view showing 5P the meeting edge of thecomplete bearing.

Figure 4, illustrates a slightlymodified form of containing pocket.

Fi ure 5, is a fragmentary view illustrating t e pockets terminatingentirely' within the length of the shell.

Figure 6, illustrates an undercut form of pocket. I

Figure 7, illustrates the pockets in the form of spiral grooves.

Fig. 8 illustrates a modified form of the containing pocket:

The exact form and arrangement of the pockets or retaining de ressionsfor the Babbitt or other similar aring metal is a matter which may bedetermined for the particular use to which the bearing is to be put. Thepockets may be in spiral form running from end to end of the bronze orbrass shell. They may be in the form of isolated pockets staggered withreference to each other. Reverse spiral grooves may be utilized, and infact, any of the known arrangements of grooves or pockets heretofore successfully used in graphite bronze structures There is illustrated in thedrawings, a type of pocket and arrangement thereof which has been foundto ybe particularly eicacious on crankshafts.

In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 to 3, inclusive, there isillustrated a bronze bearin shell 1, having the usual flange 2. This sell is cast in two halves with the grooves providing pockets 3, which,as illustrated, extend in spiral lines transversely of the axis of thebearing thus providing intermediate webs of bronze 4.

The pockets 3, are not continuous but are broken as to their lengthforming comparativel short pockets, the alternate rows of whic arestaggered with reference to each other so that there are intermediatebodies of bronze as at 5.

At the adjacent meeting edges ofthe two sections ofthe bearing there isa continuous groove 6, as illustrated in 'Figures 2 and 3,

and the pockets. at the edges merge into this groove 6. The groove 6,extends from end to end of the bearing) and thus 'ves a c ontinuous bodyof bab itt along t e meetin edges of the two halves of the bearing, anextending parallel with the axis.

There 1s a certain advantage in providing this continuous stripofbabbitt at the edges of the two halves of the bearing, inasmuchadjustment of the bearing on the shaft.

- with the shaft that there is In Figures 1 to 3 inclusive, the pocket 3are extended to the extreme end of the metal shell while in Figures 5and 6, the pockets terminate within the end of the shell. These are merematters of preference and in any form there is a substantial bronzebearing surface in contact with the shaft with the intermediate pocketsof Babbitt or other bearing metal. The weight of the shaft, is ofcourse, sustained both by the babbitt an bron'ze webs or fins whichexist between pockets or grooves. It will be readily seen that with alack of lubrication and a heating up of the bearing, the Babbitt or softbearing metal cannot readily run or flow out of the shell. At any rate,it cannot flow sufficiently to drop the shaft out of line, as the shaftwill be maintained on the bronze webs or iins which form a part'of thebearing surface. y

In use, the babbitt is worn slightly and covers the entire elementalline surface of the bearing so that there is no tendency for the shaftto freeze. Such bearings as these are of great service in engines andmotors where ordinaril there is ample lubrication provided but w ereoccasionally the lubricant runs low, or'becomes thin or ceases tofunction.

There is really so little bronze in contact racticall no tendency offreezing and yet s ould the earing become overheated even to the oint ofrunning the babbitt, the shaft wil be held in proper alignment.' Theadvantages of this are at once a parent.

In Figure 5, t e same general type of ocket and bronze shell is em loyedas that illustrated in` Figs. 1 to 3, inc ve, but the pocketsl 8,terminate within the end 9, of the metal shell whereas, in Fig. 1, thepockets 3 extend through the end wall.

In certain cases there is the advantage in stopping the pockets withinthe bronze shell giving a complete elemental and circumferential line4of ronze at each end of the bearing. It prevents running and droppingof the babbitt into the crank cases.

In Figure 6, an undercut vform of pocket is illustrated wherein the base10, of the grooves or pockets is wider than the bearing surface 11.This, of course provides an interlocking of the two meta so that in theevent of a dierence in the co-eliicient of exansion and contraction, thebabbitt cannot e loosened to such an extent as to drop away from theshell.

In Figure 7, there is illustrated a continuous form of groove 12. Itwill be noted that in any of the various forms the position of theockets is such that every elemental line of t e shaft will rest upon andpass over the Babbitt or soft bearin metal during rotation of the shaft,so t at there is really a continuous Babbitt bearing surface while theshaft is rotating.

As hereinabove stated, the soft anti-friction metal which fills thecavities of the shell, and the metal of the shell have substantially thesame coeiicient of expansion. I have used compositions of bronze for theshell composed of a mixture of co per, tin and lead, with the proportiono copper about 88%; also a mixture Yof cop r, tin, lead and zinc, withthe cop r orming about 85% of the same. For t e soft antifriction metal,I have used a mixture of lead tin and antimony, with the proportion oflead about,75%; I have also used a softmetal mixture of tin, antimonyand copper, with the proportion of tin about These mixtures are suchthat the coelicient of expansion of the bronze used, is substantiallythat of the soft-metal used therewith in the com site bearing.

The met od of produc' these bea is important and so far as' own-to appE-cant, 1s new in the art.

The bronze shells are first cast with the pockets of any desired formmired` out. These shells w1th the cored out pockets, are then tinned torovide the most intimate contact for the Ba bittor soft metal.

The Babbitt or soft metal is then cast into the tnned pockets and shell'ving an absolute union of the metals. e shells, with their cast 'inBabbitt or soft metal are then bored to size and finish. It follows,that there is a finished structure of homogeneous character quitedifferent from the ordinary babbitted bearing.

As heretofore stated, the exact form and shape of the glrooves orpockets and their disposition wit reference to each other may be variedto suit the exigencies of an par ticular requirement depending uponwhether the bearing is used for high duty, high or for light duty or lowspeed. Variations may be made between bearings such as are 13 to be usedon shafts having complete revoluand pockets intermediate the webs orfins, tions and V`those employed on shafts having continuous marginalpockets at the meeting 1 oscillato movement. edges of the bearingsections extending 1on- What claim as my invention and desiregitudinally thereof, and communicating with 5 to secure by LettersPatent is: the aforesaid pockets and an alloy bearing In a bearing comrising a meta'llic shell metal cast into said pockets Hush with thedivided longitudina y into separable secbearing surfaces of said webs orfins. tions having interior bearing webs or fins GEO. A. SHOEMAKER.

